[GAME] Guess the word!

One
might think that slaveholders, looking out for their bottom line, would
be interested in ensuring at least a modicum of restful slumber for
their enslaved workers. The social reformer Thomas Tryon made this
argument in 1684 when he wrote of “inconsiderate masters” who compel the
enslaved to work so hard that they were often so “overcome with
weariness and want of proper Rest” that they would “fall into the fierce
boyling Syrups” of the sugar pots. Ensuring proper rest, he wrote,
“would add much to their Profit” as well as to the slaves’ health.

Yet
just as often, slaveholders justified overwork and minimal rest as a
positive good, in the process elaborating curious theories about the
supposed natural differences between the races.

Thomas Jefferson,
for instance, opined that black people simply “require less sleep” than
whites. And while he noted enslaved people’s propensity to drop off
quickly at the end of a long day, he convinced himself that a rapid
descent into sleep was evidence of inferior intellects (rather than
insufficient rest). White people, he observed, could keep themselves up
late into the night to pursue intellectual or creative endeavors,
whereas “negroes” were deficient in the powers of “reflection” that
allowed them to do so: “An animal whose body is at rest, and who does
not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course.”

Louisiana
physician Samuel Cartwright, who conducted a widely disseminated study
of the medical condition of slaves, also believed that differences in
sleeping were evidence of the natural supremacy of the white race. He
claimed that black people at rest instinctively smothered their own
faces with blankets or clothing, impeding the flow of oxygen to the
brain, and that this obstruction permanently stunted their intellectual
development. As for slaves who wandered exhausted across the plantation,
he considered this a special kind of black-people disease known as “dysaesthesia aethiopica.” The cure, Cartwright counseled, was “hard work in the open air” and increased discipline on the part of the slaveholders.

The
killing labors, constant anxiety and wretched sleeping conditions of
slavery no doubt produced chronic fatigue, and yet Jefferson and
Cartwright perversely identified exhaustion as the problem and hard work
as the cure. Such cures were often administered at the end of a whip.
As Frederick Douglass put it in his memoir, “More slaves were whipped
for oversleeping than for any other fault.” Douglass went as far as to
suggest that keeping the enslaved population in a state of constant
fatigue was a useful tool in breaking their will. He wrote that, on
Sundays, he regularly found himself “in a beast-like state, between
sleep and wake” that made it impossible for him to act on the “flash of
energetic freedom [that] would dart through my soul.” Sinking back to
the ground, he would simply mourn over his “wretched condition.”

What
remains of this history is a profound confusion as to the causes and
effects of our racial inequalities. Out of Jefferson and Cartwright’s
pseudo-scientific racism, the stereotype of the “lazy black man” was
given medical legitimacy: Exhaustion was seen as a character trait
requiring more hard work, rather than an effect of a fractured sleeping
environment and extreme physical and emotional duress.

To this
day, opportunities for sound sleep are distributed unequally among the
races, while the effects of such disparities are frequently
misidentified. For example, minority students who perform poorly on
tests, appear apathetic or act out in school are often blamed for lack
of will or poor values, when in fact they may be irritable, depressed,
or unfocused in large part because they’re tired and stressed. An
ongoing study by psychologist Tiffany Yip of Fordham University examines
the joint effects of ethnic discrimination and sleep deprivation on
African American and Latino youth; her preliminary findings suggest a
vicious cycle in which experiences of discrimination lead to poor sleep,
which in turn leads to higher levels of anxiety, lower engagement in
school and deepening problems of self-esteem.

Some pediatricians, psychologists and public health advocates
are beginning to understand that detection, prevention and treatment of
poor sleep is an important aspect of improving the educational
performance of socioeconomically disadvantaged children. Little public
attention, however, is given to the more pervasive problem of unequal
sleeping conditions that is borne of our troublesome racial history.

Slave
quarters are now tourist attractions, but the descendants of enslaved
Africans are still more likely than whites to live in inhospitable
sleeping environments. As public health scholar Lauren Hale points out,
African Americans tend to live in noisier and more dangerous urban
environments than whites; such environments may lead to shorter and
shallower sleep. African Americans are also more likely to have
undesirable or unpredictable work schedules than whites, which leads to
chaotic sleep schedules. Increased risk of hunger as well as fear of
violence or of harassment by police make a good night’s sleep even
harder to obtain.

Langston Hughes
described American slavery as “the rock on which/Freedom stumped its
toe.” As we attempt to address the inequities of wealth, education,
health and incarceration that persist across the color line, we would do
well to remember that these problems were formed by night as well as by
day. If we want to close that gap, we’ll have to confront Hughes’
stubborn rock, which for too many serves in place of a pillow.

Benjamin Reiss, a professor of English at Emory University, is the author most recently of “Wild Nights: How Taming Sleep Created Our Restless World.” He wrote previously for Opinion on why we make children sleep alone.

Stfu u fuckin nerd u blow. U talk so much shit for getting 1 lucky kill? Just gtfo out of here kid no one likes u.Stfu u fuckin randass, you said the same shit 3 days ago, and your still bad stfu nerd.Because u dropped out when in first grade to play d2.LOL Y DO NERDS THINK THEY ARESOMETHING IF THEY POST WEED MONEY OR GUNS LOL THEY STILL BLOW @ D2.Ok? You seem to be the only one raging kiddo. They can see how verbally raped u got. Then like 1 or 2 friends u have will laugh at you and then leave u.Tear up because u said Milt should sell crack? Rofl ur more dumb then I thought. Im guessing all the rage coming from u has killed some brain cells. Its ok though, they dont come back.U blow wtf r u talking about? Your sounding like all the randoms that me and the beg verbal all the time.Attempt @ funny joke.....FAILED, GTFO RANDOM.U blow and Milton isnt white u fuckin nerd. Hes black. Idk how a black person is a wigger. Im guessing your native country of Mexico doesnt know the difference between wiggers/ngrs.Obviously Milt, he blows. Randoms posting 1 kill thinking they are good LOLOL. Afk gotta togo sleep and school tomorrow I hope not though cuz its snowing.when u learn something about jsp, u will realize we dont care about your plastic guns, and fake money. Ut tried it with fake weed, and got verballed till they all quit.Lol this kids so fuckin dumb. Raging over his "Guns" Y would I learn about plastic hand guns for little kids from u? I could goto a store and buy 1. I guess the pvmer wants to duel us. Milt we Vent tomorrow.Lol. I live in NY he wouldnt stand a chance here. He would shit his pants.RAPED, HES BAD.Jenny u blow stop posting random shit.Milt Driving? LOL. Ill hear his music here in ny. Shits gonna be load.U better come visit milt. We be reppin the streets of ny and fuckin dem bitches all night long.Monica is mine, get over it.Ya I troll rofl. Thats y u spend your whole life on a video game.LOL THAT CLAN BLOWS, AND NICE PHOTOSHOPPED S/S'S, ALL FUCKIN BLACK LOLOL.Thats y I dont play d2 anymore randass? Learn some shit b4 u post. Your rage o meter must be high for u to start making up shit to try and get epride. And can u speak english? Shed some mo tears fo meh? LOLOL RANDOM. Gtfo kid, ur bad. Y would I cry over pixels?Nice fuckin clay randass. The only reason he wouldnt post a pic smoking it, is because there is nothing to smoke. And even if he did post a pic, he could have just rolled it up without anything in there. Kids bad like all the other randoms who try to get epride by posting guns, $, and drugs.Lol kid is raging so hard brain cells are starting to die. His come backs are getting worse and worse. I told him to stop, but I guess he cannot stop the rage. I guess he will just have to play some d2 to get his rage down by pvming. Then when he dies to a fallen his rage will be @ its peak.Lol I love how kids devote topics to me after I verbal the shit out of them. O well, I cannot be beat so they go afk and rage.Anime lover how many times do I have to say stfu and go suck on some kid. Your like 8 shouldnt u be in bed by now? Or has d2 consumed your life so much u dont goto school and sit around and play d2 all day.I sense rage Bryan. Does it matter if they can play a musical instrument? No. It isnt required in their music. They are singers, not rock groups. Its just like everyone else like Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, etc. Do they play instuments? No they dont, they are singers. Its funny how u think everyone should listen to ur type of music, which Im guessing is rock, when all rockers do is play the same shit over and over again. Same drum beat, same everything. Rappers do a lot more then u think kid. Some have been in movies, and a lot will prolly be in movies in the next 10 years, and a lot of them donate to charity. Next time u try to diss out rap for being something that u dont like, learn the facts first kid. You have just been verballed.Cuz ur fuckin gay. I dont even play d2 anymore, and I can still shit on ur clan.Lol I dont even play d2 anymore randass, how could I have dueled ur shit clan? If u want I can go on there and shit rape ur clan 1v7. If u want to make up bullshit lies to gain epride, you will fail every time. I guessed I raged u soo much that u need to make up bullshit lies to look good on jsp. Gtfo kid u, and ur clan, are bad.Leave him man, hes a random who thinks hes good by posting 1 kill, then he gets posted on with like 10 kills and cries that his hdin wasnt rdy and didnt have gear. Y THE FUCK WHOULD U DUEL IF UR SHIT ISNT READY THEN U FUCKIN NOOB.Actually I just verballed u. Im guessing randoms dont realize when it happeneds to them. I will rape ur shit clan make a game.I really hope ur not talking to me, spawn.3 of the same s/s's just added some shitty paint to it, your bad. How u say 1v1? Your partner is right next to you, failed.I believe this was my post, editing... FAILED. Make a game for rape random.I do? Orly? And wat will u do if I dont? Rage some more on jsp? Rage me over the internet kid, u r nothing.Lol kids raged. Gj rejuved.Lol played since day 1? I think ive said that about 20 times, kid. Trying to play it off. You didnt even know wat diablo 2 was until aug 8 2006, then u joined jsp.Y would I want to be one of u randoms? I just have it in my sig cuz u guys rage so hard over it.Actually, your bad duels.And I care about ppl knowing who I am over the internet? Gtfo kid.Do u say anything besides rage and that the shitty clan pn owns everyone?Nothing much, just mad randoms dling hax to think they are good when they still blow. Auto top, auto aim, auto juv, auto duel, auto s/e, and some other shit. Plus d2 is laggy as fuck with everyone duping.Im waiting for u to make a game u fuckin catKid dodges me, he goes afk when Im rdy to duel.congrats? So ur dodging me, Im waiting outside of town, btals costs 20 fg, something u dont, or will ever have.I dont play the game nerd, and I do go out. Im guessing ur one of those raging randoms who think they are good. Fuckin spawn.Btals is 20 fg, I could care less about it LOLOL. Plus I fuckin dont play d2 anymore, just got on to rape ur rand ass, and ur dodging me LOL. Ps it isnt btals, its rattlecage.Lol, I wouldnt talk about original if I were u randass. "you sit on here for 8 hours" WOW SO ORIGINAL DOOD. GIMME UR LIST OF ORIGS. Fuckin random. I see ur so raged that u dont realize wtf u r saying. Ur brain cells are dying as we speak.U towned after u came out and tried to lower resist me, and I fohed u when u were in town. U towned vs me. Plus u fuckin go pvming and dodged me, you blow. I have s/s's of u, wheres the s/s's on me?LOL DODGE CUZ BLOW.Wow wat a fuckin nerd. Stop trolling and spamming jsp random.Holy fuckin nerd. I joined May 5th, and I didnt even start posting till like aug rofl.I could beat that ez. If I started posting may 5th instead of like aug I would be @ like 20k posts.Lil raged there random?Like I give a fuck about reporting you, I just want to know which scrub fuck you are that I verballed on a daily basis in the past.Yeah, and you don't say that every time. Try to think up a comeback you fucking scrub. You seriously only say that. Like it even matters LOL. You are a joke. You fucking cried like a little bitch to Donny because your WoW account got banned. Kid is 28 years old, he fucking moved from d2 to WoW. Kid uses his moms welfare and food stamps to pay for WoW monthly, fucking sad. This retard rather pay for WoW, then to fucking eat. Seriously Dipset you get verballed by everyone. You were not good, you were horrible at EVERYTHING you do. Nothing has changed, just give up. What did you think Donny was going to do when you told him that, unban you from vent/d2pk? I don't think so, no one wants you back, that will not change.Yes I lie to myself. Why would I lie over the internet you fucking joke. Refer to last post fucking trash.Verbal essay. Kid got smashed. Nothing to say back? Thought so you fucking little bitch. You are under my control now, now fucking hang yourself like a good little bitch.Takes me 10 seconds to type. Making these kids cry is well worth it. I tried being nice, but it doesn't work for these fucking mental cases. Verballing them int he only way to go now. Fuck you in the neck! Fuck it, you know what? I get fucking psycho when I'm pissed. You keep pushing me day in and day out, and eventually you'll push me past the point of no return. You're a fuckwit who couldn't count with his own fingers. This is the end of the fucking line. That's why you touch yourself at night. I don't give a shit what anybody on this site says or thinks. I have slept with more girls in my life than you ever will. My dream is your worst nightmare. Then you will experience pain for the first real time in your life. No I don't read with semblance of comprehension. I read with unparalleled understanding. I see the meaning, motive, and thoughts that went into every word you type and every sentence you've ever said. I'm omnipresent and omnipotent. Your questions are idiotic, and your posts even moreso. You just keep making your little comments all the time thinking you're fucking cool. I'll turn your cable box on and order 20 pay per view channels at once. It's just a matter of time before I'm balls deep in your bitch. You don't even know wtf you're talking about. I'm going to knock you out in one punch and then fucking break your jaw with a heel to the side of your face while you're out cold. Yeah I thought so motherfucker. Go home and make love to your fucking real doll. I just went QED on your arse, punk. I almost want you to test me just so I can unleash the beast on your sorry ass and be done with you forever. No one here likes u. You think ur cool with ur lil loading bots max of 150 and u think ur